Minerals found in eastern province of zambia. Figure 1 The geology of Eastern Province of Zambia Soil Classification In Zambia, extensive works on agricultural soil classification have been conducted extensively (Iwmi et al. As we reflect on 2023, Mr Sokwani Chilembo, CEO of the Zambia Chamber of Mines, tells us about the investments that have been made and the projects that are already steaming ahead, and shares his insights on what is needed to ensure Zambia’s amazingly wide spectrum of mineral resources spans a range of metals, particularly copper-cobalt and gold, gemstones, a variety of industrial minerals and potential energy resources – uranium, coal and hydrocarbons. 07% Ni) is located on the eastern edge of the Kabompo dome in the North-Western Province of Zambia. Copper mining has been associated with this region since the pre-colonial era. 1-2, p. • The province a youthful population with a median age of 30 years by 2025 • Maize 600,000 metric tonnes 'Kinyanfumbe', Eastern Province, Zambia : Notes: There is some doubt about whether this locality name is valid. Actually, Nyanja is a variant of Chewa. The minerals illustrated on this site were purchased from collectors or wholesale suppliers for resale purposes. It is home to Zambia's premier tourist attraction, Mosi-oa-Tunya (Victoria Falls), shared with Zimbabwe. [1]Luangwa District is bordered by two Rivers; Luangwa river on the east of the district and forms the border between the district and Mozambique. Sep 10, 2023 · Request PDF | Assessing the impact of Gliricidia agroforestry-based interventions on crop nutritional, antinutritional, functional, and mineral compositions in eastern Province, Zambia Aug 4, 2022 · Zambia Mineral resources map showing the locations of minerals in Zambia. Feb 25, 2020 · ZCCM-IH Investee Company – Maamba Collieries Ltd – Granted Exploration Licensesfor Lithium and other Minerals in Southern Province, Zambia Vedanta ready with $250 million funding to pay KCM Creditor Luangwa District is a district of Zambia, located in Lusaka Province. • The province has active Eastern Province Chamber of Commerce and. Figure 1 The geology of Eastern Province Dec 18, 2023 · I t’s been a very promising year for mining in Zambia, with the sector attracting US$3. depending on copper which has been mined over the years. Aug 30, 2024 · In late 2020, Sino Kasempa Minerals exported a first cargo of 600 tonnes of copper concentrate from its mine in North-Western Province in Zambia. The Permanent Secretary Ministry of Mines and Minerals Development New Government Complex Building, Nasser Road 12th & 14th Floor P. As of the 2020 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 31,007 people. Serenje is a town in Serenje District, Central Province, Zambia, lying just off the Great North Road and TAZARA Railway. O Box 31969 Kamwala Zambia is divided into ten provinces. Polymetallic sulphide occurrences in the area have been known for hundreds of years, but more recent geophysical and geochemical investigations led to the discovery of a copper-rich hydrothermal system, mostly associated with late-stage syenite More information is available on the three volumes of the Minerals Yearbook. The company got its first large scale prospecting license in 2014. alamu@cgiar. The Mansa Mining Bureau has observed that Luapula Province has the potential to be a major supplier of Manganese in the southern African region. It boasts a wide range of stones that underpin the country’s economy. May 8, 2020 · The project site lies in the Kalumbila district of North Western Province, Zambia, approximately 150km west of Solwezi. Zimbabwe’s mining sector has experienced immense growth over the past few years, but has not done enough to optimize returns from the sale of this mineral. The owner of this site did not collect the minerals and collectors should not assume access is permitted to the property based on inclusion in this museum. Up to 1,237 households and 42 key informants participated in the quantitative and qualitative studies respectively First Quantum became the owner of the Sentinel copper asset after acquiring Kiwara in a £208m ($260m) cash and share deal in January 2010. MSc. Mining exploration and surveys have confirmed the presence of mineral deposits as well as gemstones. 45% Nb2O5 based on a cut-off grade of 1. Eastern. Aptly named for the mineral whose reserves in the province are some of the world’s largest, Copperbelt Province is also one of the world’s largest producers of processed copper, Zambia’s most important export. Jan 11, 2018 · Government is also contemplating consolidation of lithium pooling produce from different countries (DRC, Mozambique, Zambia and Namibia) for processing at a common facility. The MMDA deals with mining rights, licences, large-scale mining rights, gemstone mining, health and safety, environmental protection, and Jul 24, 2018 · Situated 200km south of Lusaka, Zambia, Matunga uranium project consists of three contiguous mining licenses covering 720km² immediately north of Lake Kariba near Siavonga, in the southern province of Zambia. 16% of the total Zambian population. 3. Apr 4, 2023 · Mining Elites in Africa 2023: Greenfields Winner – First Quantum Minerals “The Domes region is essentially an entirely new copper mining province within Zambia and currently accounts for far more copper production than the traditional Zambian Copperbelt. 15 DIVERSITY OF MINERALS FOR INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES Granite Zambia has an extensive coverage of granite in Luapula, Northern, Luapula Muchinga, Southern, and Jan 5, 2018 · Miners at work a Manganese plant in Mansa. Eastern Province, Zambia : LIVE REPORT! Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Zambia. g. Aug 2, 2010 · Pyrometallurgical slags from three Cu-Co smelters (Nkana, Mufulira, Chambishi) in the Copperbelt Province, Zambia, were studied from mineralogical and chemical points of view. There are forests of Zambezi teak in the southwest. Printed copies of the Minerals Yearbook may be ordered through the U. org. Government Printing Office (See Minerals Yearbook, Vol . Ranging in size from world-class operating mines to small prospects, the multiplicity and variety of resources demonstrate clearly the opportunities for further The Development Minerals sector in Zambia has historically been overshadowed by the mining of copper, cobalt and emerald. 164, Issue. org - Mines, Minerals and More The Zambia Chamber of Mines says the discovery of Lithium in Mapatizya Constituency in Kalomo District can benefit the country if the mining is well Lithium is being mined illegally in Mapatizya in Kalomo by local people and some businessmen but the Zambia Chamber of Mines wants lithium to be exploited legally. 5 % Cu cut-off in oxide, sulfide, and mixed oxide–sulfide ores. INDUSTRIAL MINERALS OF ZAMBIA Feldspar Feldspar occurs in pegmatites hosted within the grantitic gneisses and schists of the basement. Other important mineral resources include lead, zinc, cobalt, coal, and gold. Aug 1, 2021 · The Archean is composed of highly metamorphosed rocks due to intense temperature and pressure. The oldest succession of rocks in the country, the Basement Supergroup, consists mostly of granitic gneisses and migmatites which are evident throughout eastern, central and southern Zambia, in places in-folded with meta-carbonate, meta-quartzite, and meta-pelite units. y Phosphates: Apatite, the most important potential source of phosphate occurs in significant concentrations in syenite intrusion and carbonitite See full list on worldatlas. In 2015, Zambian policymakers were at an economic crossroads. He has spent the last 18 years at First Quantum Minerals, where he held different senior accounting roles and served as Financial Controller before joining KoBold Metals. Expansions at … Mar 21, 2019 · And Dr Nsemukila said the mineral prospects found in the province will play an effective role in the diversification process because Eastern Province is mostly known as an agriculture powerhouse. org Nov 17, 2023 · The Lumwana Copper Mine is located in the North-Western Province of Zambia, approximately 400km northwest of the capital of Lusaka. Oct 1, 1994 · Several mineral occurences, that include massive, disseminated and vein types of mineralization, are found in Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Mozambique Belt of Eastern Zambia. Serenje is approximately 191 km from Kapiri Mposhi on the Great North Road. • There is large pool of skilled manpower resources. 9%. Jun 16, 2021 · Lusaka - Zambia: The formalisation process of over 15,000 artisanal gold miners in the Lusangazi District of the Eastern Province has advanced into its Jun 6, 2024 · Zambia seeks to develop and expand its road infrastructure by building up to 10,000 km of high-quality single- and dual-carriage roads throughout the country. Agriculture also is important. The sex ratio was 1,030 females for every 1,000 The Muchinga Mountains in the east and the ranges along the eastern border have the highest elevations in the country. Copper comprises 70% of Zambia's total export earnings, and the country produces about 20% of the world's emeralds. 2. Several have been Jan 17, 2014 · Presently Managese is mined on small scale in Luapula province but the Government . Limestone and dolomite are abundant in the area around By the end of March 2017, the province had a total of 54 mining valid license owners plus 125 exploration licenses and the number keeps on increasing as the applications are processed on a daily basis due to the available mineral resources in Luapula province. , (University of Zambia, 2019)). Petauke is 400 km east of Lusaka , the capital city of Zambia, just off the Great East Road . Beyond the mining industry, the Copperbelt boasts several important natural wonders, including Lake Location of Serenje in Zambia. The Chewa people in Eastern Zambia are referred to as "Nyanja" speaking because when they arrived in Eastern Zambia they commonly used the praise term "Ife a ku Nyanja", meaning "We people of the lake". Feb 8, 2017 · Many minerals from the pegmatites of the Lower Orange River are found online and at international gem shows - Come along with us and learn about the origin of some of these minerals, and see what collecting them in the bush is like! Sep 10, 2023 · Assessing the impact of Gliricidia agroforestry-based interventions on crop nutritional, antinutritional, functional, and mineral compositions in eastern Province, Zambia Emmanuel Oladeji Alamu a International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Southern Africa Hub, Lusaka, Zambia Correspondence o. Around 67% of the mountain range is designated as a protected forest reserve hosting dozens of endemic plant and bird species. [1] Mineral resources are distributed throughout the country. [31] See Copperbelt Province for the history of the copper-mining industry in this region. To the south these basalts are continuous with the basalts underlying neighboring parts of Namibia and Botswana and with the The deposit is thought to contain a high grade zone of 10 to 15 million tonnes at 1. Zambia’s economy depends on the production and export of copper. Lumwana produced 287 million pounds of copper in 2015 and reports Proven and Probable copper of 3. 4 billion in investment commitments, doubling the pledges made in 2022. Nyanja is the language most spoken in the Eastern Province, although Tumbuka, Chewa, Senga are also popular. However, the clay minerals and the geotechnical Western Province is the largest administrative region in Zambia with a total land area of 126,386 square kilometer. [3] [4] Tumbuka is the predominant language spoken in the district about 99. Branch mine: Just outside town is the Branch mine, which is being worked for aquamarine since the 1950s. Jan 1, 1989 · Detrital zircon samples from the Chewore–Rufunsa and Kacholola (previously referred to as Luangwa–Nyimba) terranes of the SIB yield zircon U–Pb age populations and evolved ε Hf (t) values that are similar to the Muva Supergroup found throughout eastern Zambia, primarily correlating with Ubendian–Usagaran (ca. Mar 1, 2003 · Sangu garnet deposit, Eastern Province, Zambia. , 2005; Maki, 2008). Jul 16, 2013 · Lumwana is owned by Barrick and located in the Domes region of Northwestern Province, Zambia. The minerals on this site are presented for reference purposes only. March 2003; Bulletin of Geosciences 78(1):3-8; Authors: The ultrastable minerals are found in abundance due to their resistance to weathering Mindat. Hence, Zambia is considered one of the few African countries endowed with different unique mineral resources. 04 % Cu at a 0. Southern Province is one of Zambia's ten provinces. The confirmed deposits include semi-precious stones such as emeralds, beryllium, sapphire, garnet, tourmaline, amethyst, aquamarine, citrine, quartz and gold, in various parts of the Province such as Lwaingu district in Senior Chief Shimumb. Jun 5, 2022 · Speaking when he officially opened the Mines and Mineral Consultative Meeting in Kasama, Northern Province Permanent Secretary, Bernard Mpundu noted that the country has witnessed the discovery of Dec 11, 2022 · The Zambian agricultural soil classification was used as the foundation to investigate the behaviour of active clay minerals found in the study area. Minerals. [1] [2] It was made independent from Chipata District in 2018. [1] [2] It was made independent from Lundazi District in 2018. Diamonds The abundance of diamonds and indicator minerals in Zambia highlight the considerable exploration potential. Syntectonic and post-tectonic granitic magmatism associated with the Irumide Orogeny in north-eastern Zambia may have led to tin and tungsten enrichment in the Chambeshi Fold and Thrust Zone and Shiwa Ngandu Fold Zone. in addition to copper, zambia was a leading world producer of gemstones, particularly emerald. Dec 15, 2023 · Lusaka - Zambia: President Hakainde Hichilema has reiterated the UPND government's commitment to growing the economy through the value addition of the Jan 17, 2023 · Becoming a key supplier of copper for the green energy revolution may be Zambia’s Government’s most ambitious goal. The Provincial headquarter of Western Province is Mongu which is located about 600 km from Lusaka the capital city of Zambia. [3] [4] References This page was last The Mineral Industry of Zambia by James J. Kasenengwa District is a district of Eastern Province, Zambia. Apart from the afore-mentioned minerals, Zambia has industrial minerals whose full potential has also not been fully tapped. Many of the mines are located within a very short distance from downtown Lundazi. Feb 1, 2019 · THE CITY OF KABWE, ZAMBIA'S SECOND LARGEST, is located some 120 kilometers north of Lusaka, the capital (fig. Sep 28, 2023 · The purpose of this study was to establish best ways of improving household soybean processing and utilization in selected districts in the Eastern Province of Zambia. However, on the back of Zambia's flourishing building and construction industry the Zambian government and other stakeholders are becoming increasingly aware of the potential of Development Minerals to alleviate poverty, create employment and generate national income. Memoirs on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Zambia. Serenje has a railway station on the TAZARA railway. To me my worry is This includes; magnetic data for Zambia, gravity and geological information. Analysis of the mining registry data indicates only 11 percent of the national territory is covered by mining activities with 3,053 different permits granted. Jan 1, 2009 · Against this background, the study was developed to assess awareness and perceptions towards indigenous fruits and vegetables in Port St. The centre of the province, the Southern Plateau, has the largest area of commercial farmland of any Zambian province, and produces most of the maize crop. As per the 2010 Zambian census, Eastern Province had a population of 1,592,661, accounting to 12. ” Nov 25, 2014 · The Enterprise nickel deposit (40 Mt of 1. It cannot be found in any source of locality names so it is possible the name has been made up to protect the real source of UNIQUE | Drivers of deforestation in Eastern Province, Zambia 8 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the results of the study on causes of deforestation and forest degradation in the Eastern Province, conducted with the aim of informing the design of the Zambia Integrated Forest Land-scape Program (ZIFLP). 1 billion pounds as of the end of 2015. • The province a youthful population with a median age of 30 years by 2025 • Maize 600,000 metric tonnes Petauke District, Eastern Province, Zambia : This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat. is seeking to expand its efforts into various parts of the country to exploit the mineral . Mineral Resources stand at 0 Zambia ranked eighth in world copper production in 2015, according to the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries. The Grand Conglomérat Formation at Most of the cattle is under traditional herders and concentrated mainly in the upper Zambezi and middle Kafue areas, and the Eastern Province. The Zambian part of the Victoria Falls as well as its Zimbabwean counterpart is already a UNESCO world heritage monument, but clearly also represents a geosite (Fig. Area Planted - Eastern Province; Area Planted - Eastern Province; While less well-known for copper production than neighboring Copperbelt Province, North-Western’s output has surpassed that of the Copperbelt in recent years. 0% Nb2O5 Gold in Kenya Gold mining in Kenya has been primarily by artisanal mining method Recent developments include initiation of exploration and mining projects for gold Reported export figures for gold rose from a The Provincial Administration’s core mandates are to coordinate the planning, implementation and monitoring of developmental programmes and national policies in all the districts in the province and to ensure that the concurrent functions of the Province Administration and exclusive functions of the Local Government are performed in accordance with the Constitution and other laws. Mining in Zambia produces several minerals and is a critical part of the country's economy. mining in the Copperbelt Province is one of the major geoenvironmental hazards in Zambia. Examples include: Limestone Carbonate rocks are a common component of the Katanga Supergroup and also occur within the Basement Supergroup. The deposit is hosted in Neoproterozoic diamictites and siltstones of the Grand Conglomérat Formation and overlying Kakontwe Limestone Formation of the lower Nguba Group. Mineralization associated with mafic igneous activity is presented by ilmenite in gabbros, whereas muscovite, aquamarine and tourmaline are mined from numerous pegmatites Industrial Minerals. In early 2023, reports of the discovery of lithium in the southern part of the country triggered an influx of people to the area looking to monetise the opportunity. In North-Western Province, USAID/Zambia implements 13 activities in the Health, Education and Economic development sectors. Diss. 1: 2,000,000 Scale Mineral Occurrence Map of Zambia published. Eastern Extensive deposits of limestone and dolomite exist around Lusaka, in the southern part of Central Province and Southern in isolated scattered occurrences in Eastern Province. [citation needed] Widespread subsurface occurrences of Karoo basalts are present along the eastern margin of the Barotse basin trending north‐northwest in western Zambia and in adjacent parts of Angola. In early 1990’s, the transparent and facetable, gem-quality garnet of brownish red colour first appeared on the market in Lundazi, and the rough was transported out of Zambia. Central Statistical Office of Zambia. 05–1. Sep 29, 2022 · Mafinga Hills (Mafinga mountain) are found in Mafinga district of Muchinga province in the North-Eastern part of Zambia. Gemstones. The president of the zambia Chamber of mines reported that Jan 3, 2022 · The Provincial Administration - Northern Province is an extension of Central Government (Cabinet Office) at Provincial level and has a mandate to provide administrative secretariat and coordinate effective implementation of national programmes and policies in the Province. Serenje, Mkushi and Mita Hills areas) oriented roughly parallel to the regional north easterly strike. Rokana Mine is a mining company that owns Mindola Underground Mine, which mines minerals such as carrollite, chalcopyrite and libethenite. potential it is endowed with and ensure Zambia remains a mineral rich country unlike . He started his career in internal auditing at the Zambia Revenue Authority, and then moved into a senior accounting role at Metal Fabricators of Zambia Plc. The license gave the company the rights to prospect for copper and gold in the Bangweulu minerals project that is set in Chilubi-Lungingu districts within the Northern Province. However, the clay minerals and the geotechnical Lumezi District is a district of Eastern Province, Zambia. Johns of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Zambia's Leading Voice For The Youths! If it's not on Zed Corner, then it's not true. Eastern and north‐western Zambia. 1). Six 1:250,000 Scale Geological Maps published. 241 - 242). Mopani Mine in Zambia. Kiwara had a controlling interest in the Trident prospecting license that included the Sentinel copper project (formerly Kalumbila copper deposit), as well as the Enterprise nickel project which is currently under development. Kansanshi is 80% owned by First Quantum Minerals Jan 4, 2016 · Chilubi Minerals limited is a local outfit with 100% Zambian ownership. Zambia has about 6% of the worlds proven copper reserves and ranks fifth in production. 7 Geosites An inventory of potential geosites in Zambia has not yet been made. Different varieties of silica sands can be found in Zambia. Industries • There is stable political environment and responsive administrative set-up. Pegmatite groups occur extensively within the basement of Central Province (e. Here you can find the information about the natural resources of Zambia, including oil, coal, silver, gold, diamonds etc. Geoderma, Vol. The maps are in the following scales; 1: 1,000,000 Scale Geological Map of Zambia published. Mkushi is the district west of Serenje. May 26, 2022 · Lusaka - Zambia: Ministry of Mines and Mineral Development says Southern Province has potential to significantly contribute to the country's mining sector if Mar 4, 2019 · PDF | On Mar 4, 2019, Malcolm Southwood and others published Minerals of the Kabwe (“Broken Hill”) Mine, Central Province, Zambia | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Dec 2, 2004 · Petauke — PETAUKE district in the Eastern Province is poised to be among the major contributors to Zambia's economic development following the discovery of minerals in the area. The printed edition of Volume III is divided into regional publications. [1] The provinces are further subdivided into districts. [32] 2. Several have been Zambia. Zambia has an increasing number of limestone deposits in the Lusaka region located in the southern part of the Central Province and also in the Eastern province. Zambia's gemstone capitol in the Eastern Province has a long history of mining for aquamarine and tourmaline. 14 of 2016. Tracing the spatial distribution and mobility of metal/metalloid contaminants in Oxisols in the vicinity of the Nkana copper smelter, Copperbelt province, Zambia. The event was a major one for its parent company, Chinese public sector group Sinomine Resource Exploration Co, which has thus become a producer of Sep 1, 2020 · The mining sector is governed and regulated by the Mines and Minerals Development Act No. Enterprise is a sediment-hosted nickel-sulphide deposit located on the margins of the Mesoproterozoic Kabompo Dome which is surrounded by a thick succession of Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks belonging to the Katanga Supergroup. Feldspars, silica sand, talc, barite, phosphate, limestone clays, dimension stone, graphite, gypsum, kyanite, asbestos, and fluorite are all present. Industrial Minerals Zambia is host to a range of industrial minerals which will help to support anticipated growth in the mining, manufacturing and agricultural sectors. The mountain range extends to about 23,000 hectares (230Km²). [30] There is extensive mine tailings around this mine. 25 billion investment in extending the life of Kansanshi Copper Mine brings with it the promise of more copper for the national inventory. The deposit area contains basement schists overlain by Jan 9, 2015 · The Fishtie copper deposit, located in the Central Province of Zambia, contains approximately 55 Mt of 1. Mambwe District, Eastern Province, Zambia : This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat. Agriculture Statistics, 2020. Eastern Province. 2-1. In Snr Chief Mwamba chiefdom there are deposits of minerals and some small amount of oil found in 1960s and KK is aware of this too. barry in 2019, zambia ranked seventh in the world in the output of mined copper and it accounted for an estimated 4% of the world’s production. Other minerals mined are bornite, pyrite, chalcocite. III, Area Reports: International for order details). First Quantum Minerals’ $1. [ 1 ] The main spoken language of the 14,000 residents is Nsenga . [2] Zambia produced 763,287 metric tons of copper in The functions of MDD include the issuance and administration of non-mining rights (mineral trading permits, mineral import and export permits and Gold panning certificates), monitoring of the mining and mineral processing operations to ensure that their development is in line with their approved programme of operations and in accordance with Oct 1, 2019 · The Mumbwa mineralized district is located approximately 200 km west of Lusaka, at the north-eastern margin of the Pan-African granitic Hook batholith. The Provincial Administration is headed by a Provincial Minister, who is appointed by the President, and is responsible for overseeing the implementation of government policies and coordinating the activities of various government departments within the province. Overstocking on grazing land has resulted in bush encroachment and severe soil erosion in some areas. Sep 22, 2020 · The primary law governing the mining sector in Zambia is the Mines and Minerals Development Act No. Copper mining drives Zambia’s economic growth by providing foreign exchange, government revenue, and new jobs. Apr 6, 2008 · The same happened in Eastern province in Chama. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The oldest rocks found in the Basement complex, are part of the Precambrian which outcrop in the eastern part of the country and as the structurally complex Lufubu system in the Copperbelt province. Aquamarine is still found and to the sides of the • The province has active Eastern Province Chamber of Commerce and. 80 Ga) phase Jul 25, 2023 · An Investigation of Political Conflict in Land Acquisition in Zambia: A Case Study of Mansa District of Luapula Province of Zambia. . This was a concurrent triangulation study design, nested with a cross sectional survey and barrier analysis. If achieved, the gains would be profound and far-reaching. Feldspars are also commonly found, especially in pegmatites. 11 of 2015 (MMDA) as amended by the Mines and Minerals Development (Amendment) Act No. In addition to public private partnerships, Zambia also aims to expand its use of toll roads to help finance road construction and maintenance. The name Kabwe means “place of smelting” but refers to the pre-European smelting of. com There are a variety of rocks found in Zambia, a country in the south-central of Africa. The Sangu area in Eastern Province hosts the only known commercial deposit of gem garnet in Zambia. 11 of 2015, which covers types of mining rights, acquisition of mining rights, rights/obligations conferred on the mining right holder, transferability of mining rights, safety, health and environment requirements, and provides for the environmental Petauke is a town and seat of Petauke District located in the Eastern Province of Zambia. Kansanshi Facilities at Barrick’s Lumwana Copper Mine in Zambia. Mar 14, 2024 · The mineral resource deposits that have been studied and documented and are currently being exploited are concentrated in eastern DRC and part of central DRC, in the former Kasai region. Eastern province has an area of 51,476 km 2 (19,875 sq mi), locally shares border with three other provinces of the country and is divided into fifteen districts. USAID ACTIVITIES IN NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCE. S. wqxrr dll ssjhb nan yicpqy ytpcm tdfllk tdouz hgs lrff